Business Analysis Written Report (Fcebook company) Research Paper

Business Analysis Written Report (Fcebook organization) - Research Paper Example One of the significant issues that Facebook is experiencing is security, a study that was directed in 2010 recorded Facebook among the last five when it came to issues of protection. The issue was first noted in 2006 after Facebook presented News Feed, which indicated each change made by the user’s companions to their pages, it additionally presented an assistance considered Beacon that would permit clients see items that had been bought by their companions. After a clamor from the clients, security controls were executed which permitted them to control the substance they needed to show up in the News Feed area. In the year 2012, Facebook made misfortunes of more than 157 million dollars joined with an IPO that flamed out because of specialized hitches and elevated requirements, the company’s costs have about significantly increased because of finance costs and stock-based remuneration. Financial Factors The condition of the economy may be contrarily influencing the com pany’s income, as the average cost for basic items acknowledges; a great many people are compelled to lessen on their spending and totally bunk off superfluous costs. In the event that the clients are compelled to be efficient with their income, they may choose to lessen the measure of cash they use on web get to charges their visits to the locales that they esteem valuable, for example, work or school related. Thusly, Facebook may consider a to be in their pay as lesser individuals visit the site, which will thusly decrease the quantity of associations that decide to publicize with the organization. Sociocultural Factors One of the primary destinations of Facebook was to unite individuals as a social stage; it has effectively figured out how to do so observing that it holds the biggest number of clients contrasted with some other long range informal communication site. As individuals get busier, the network and families endure in light of the fact that they no longer have th e opportunity to bond as it was in the prior years yet because of Facebook, individuals from a family or some other social gathering can stay in contact without having the option to see each other genuinely. On the opposite side, certain sociocultural issues are influencing the organization in a negative manner, for example, digital tormenting, digital following and security. There is an ascent in instances of individuals confessing to having been badgering by means of Facebook and self destruction cases announced accordingly, the clients appear to lose confidence in the security of protection that Facebook concurs them; this thusly prompts less site visits (Peterson 29). Worldwide Factors Different worldwide components can impact the effect Facebook has in various areas, in this way deciding if the organization is fruitful or not. Factors, for example, government guideline on the utilization of web and restricting of sites, similar to the case in Syria, in 2007, when the legislatur e blocked Facebook to decrease online activism influence the organization (Wilson, Kellerman and Corey 173). Different factors, for example, medical problems become an integral factor and may influence the income of the organization as masses are being encouraged to invest less energy in the web, PC and other cell phone due to the wellbeing threat they present. Mechanical Factors Technology is the medium that has delivered the utilization of Facebook; it has made it one of the best 500 organizations on the planet and because of the expansion use in innovation, Facebook has become the most well known interpersonal interaction site. On the opposite side, the development being used of innovation and gadgets, for example, cell phones is turning into a danger to the budgetary success of the organization. The quantity of

Kant: Human, Animals, and Empathy Essay

Immanuel Kant stays one of the most compelling scholars ever. Some portion of Kant’s offer is his capacity to give fantastically extraordinary experiences into the human condition. One of the all the more fascinating works by Kant was his composing that investigated human interrelations with creatures. From his assessments, Kant basically shows that how people treat creatures is characteristic of how they will treat others. This ties vigorously into the thought that the human-creature relationship is connected intensely with compassion. Kant makes a calming point in his investigation of human associations with creatures. Quite a bit of Kant’s examination is sensible and this reasonable knowledge takes note of the darker side of human instinct. Kant comprehends that not all human/creature connections are agreeable. The miserable certainty remains that there are the individuals who are barbarous to creatures. Numerous sociopathic people show colossal mercilessness to creatures. In truth, the quantity of those people is restricted in contrast with the individuals who have amicable connections. Be that as it may, these people do exists. There numbers †while low †are as yet noteworthy enough that there are laws on the books intended to rebuff their remorseless conduct. Kant comprehends this since he takes a gander at the relationship from a good judgment point of view. All things considered, how could an individual who torments creatures show compassion towards people? An absence of compassion against any living this is characteristic that the individual has NO sympathy. Kant additionally calls attention to that a kid who has such brutal conduct will probably form into a savage grown-up. That is the way such a distorted advancement of connections will lead the kid when he/she blooms into adulthood. Obviously, not all of Kant’s composing manages the negative angles that can become visible while looking at the connection among people and creatures. The opposite is introduced also. That is, the acceptable characteristics of an individual become obvious while looking at how an individual treats their caring creatures. An individual who thinks about a pooch when it is debilitated, gives it food when it is ravenous, and gives cover when the creature needs insurance is unmistakably an individual who comprehend the idea of providing for those out of luck. Such activities will in the end reappear in their associations with different people. Presently, does that imply that basically in light of the fact that a canine proprietor is celestial with his pet that the proprietor will be without savagery towards others? No, obviously not; such an evaluation would be ludicrous. In any case, in the event that an individual treats a creature with generosity and regard, at that point compassion is available. Basically, all great treatment of creatures is interchangeable with compassion. You can not have one without the other. In truth, the real volume of sympathy may shift. That is, an individual may show compassion towards loved ones however may have atypical or ruinous characteristics also. An individual who adores his family sacrificially may likewise have racial ill will. In any case, if one somehow managed to take a gander at lessening or killing racial enmity (or some other character variation), an individual with a limit with respect to sympathy will be more than liable to apologize instead of a sociopath who needs compassion. Remember, sympathy is anything but a negligible â€Å"touchy-feely† feeling. Sympathy goes profoundly of what our identity is and what we are able to do. That is the reason it is basic to see how creatures respond to others since this gives a knowledge into their empathic nature. An away from of human-creature connections gives this knowledge. Or on the other hand, at any rate, this is the expectation.

5 Ways to Narrow Your College Search

5 Ways to Narrow Your College Search You might be thinking, There are a thousand colleges I could go to. How in the world am I going to choose just one? Its tough! A lot of great colleges across the country excel in their respective fields, so how do you even begin to compare them? Were giving you 5 ways to narrow things down. 1. Size When looking at various colleges, start by considering size. Do you like the idea of a really big school with lots of people, or do you want to keep it smaller and more personal? Answering this question can begin to narrow your search criteria. Related to size, if you wouldnt mind attending a large university but are concerned you wont receive a personalized classroom experience, pay close attention to student-to-faculty ratios. The lower a ratio is, the fewer large lectures youll find and the more direct access youll have to professors at that university. 2. Location Location is also an important factor when choosing a college. You can live in a big city, a small city, a suburban greenscape, a rural oasis, on top of a mountain, below sea level, or somewhere in between. If you come from a city or a rural town and you really enjoy it, you may want to look into similar locales. On the other hand, if you want to try something new, you could do the exact opposite. But dont be fooledâ€"some cities are quiet, while some rural areas have a vibrant college-town life. As you consider locations, also ask yourself this: How close to home do I want to be? If you want to be able to drive home once a month to see your beloved pet rat (lets call him Fluffy), you may want to consider colleges that are close by. If youre comfortable seeing Fluffy less often and dont mind taking a train or plane to get to him, you might decide to expand your search to include a larger area. 3. Major If you already know what you want your major to be, thats great! Look for schools of your preferred size in your preferred location that have that major. If you arent sure what you want to major in yet, thats also great! You have the opportunity to self-reflect and explore your options at a number of colleges. 4. Cost Cost is such a key factor when deciding where to go to college. Because its a large investment, you want to make sure you get the best value for your education. Familiarize yourself with how much college costs, and then determine the maximum amount you can comfortably afford. At this point, however, dont rule out any schools based on cost alone. Both scholarships and financial aid can help drastically, and we have advice on how to apply for both. 5. Fit The concept of fit is a little less concrete, but its arguably the most important thing on this list. Because if youre going to spend four years of your life at a particular college, you should definitely feel comfortable there. The best way to determine fit is to visit campus, where you can explore the college, including its people and its surroundings, to the fullest. Weve written a blog about what you should look for when visiting, and that blog includes more on this very topic. Once you narrow down your choices based on the above search criteria, its likely that multiple schools will make the cutâ€"and thats a good thing, because you should always apply to more than one college. So if one school ticks off all the right boxes on paper but another school still seems like the dream, dont hesitate to apply to both of them. You can always use this list to narrow down your options again after all those admissions offers come rolling in! How Illinois Stacks Up Size:Large Public UniversityLocation:Champaign-Urbana, IllinoisMajors:150+ in 11 Academic CommunitiesCost: Estimate Your Cost of Attendance and Financial AidFit: Unknown (visit us to find out!) college college prep resources planning Illinois Admissions We're here for you as you prepare for college. Whether you're looking for guidance on the college search process or have questions about Illinois, we hope our blogs will help!

Secrets of the Dead The Lost Gardens of Babylon

The latest video from the PBS series Secrets of the Dead visits the fairly controversial theory of Stephanie Dalley, an Assyriologist at Oxford University, who for last twenty years or so, has argued the Greek historian Diodorus had it wrong: the seventh ancient Wonder of the World shouldnt be called the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, because it wasnt in Babylon, it was in the Assyrian capital of Nineveh. Where are the Hanging Gardens? Archaeological remnants of all of the remaining ancient seven wonders--the colossus of Rhodes, the Great Pyramid at Giza, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicamassus, the statue of Zeus at Olympia and the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus--have been discovered over the centuries: but not the Gardens at Babylon. Dalley points out that neither Nebuchadnezzar nor Semiramis, the two Babylonian rulers often credited with building the Hanging Gardens, were known for gardens: Nebuchadnezzar in particularly left hundreds of cuneiform documents, full of descriptions of his architectural works but not a word about gardens. No physical evidence to date has been found in Babylon at all, leading some scholars to wonder if the garden ever existed. Not so, says Dalley, there is documentary evidence for the Hanging Gardens--and some archaeological evidence as well--for them, but in Nineveh, 300 miles north of Babylon. Sennacherib of Nineveh Dalleys research points to Sennacherib, the son of Sargon the Great, who ruled Assyria between 705-681 BC. He was one of ​several Assyrian leaders who ​were known for engineering feats around water control: and he left many cuneiform documents in which he described his construction projects. One is the Taylor prism, an octagonal fired clay object that one of three known such objects in the world. It was discovered in the walls of the elevated palace of Kuyunjik, at Nineveh, and it describes an extravagant garden with orchards of fruit trees and cotton plants, watered daily. Further information comes from the decorative panels that were on the palace walls when it was excavated, now stored in the Assyrian Room of the British Museum, which illustrate a lush garden. Archaeological Evidence The Hanging Gardens of Babylon includes the research of Jason Ur, who has used satellite imagery and detailed spy maps made of the Iraqi countryside back in the 1970s and are now declassified, to trace Sennacheribs amazing canal system. It included one of the earliest known aqueducts, the Aqueduct at Jerwan, part of a 95 kilometer (~59 mile) long canal system that led from the Zagros Mountains to Nineveh. One of the bas-reliefs from Lachish now at the British Museum contains images of a vast garden, with arches of similar construction of those used at Jerwan. More archaeological evidence is hard to come by: the ruins of Nineveh are in Mosul, about as dangerous a place on the planet today as you can get to. Nevertheless, some local guards from Mosul were able to get to the site for Dalley and take video of the remnants of Sennacheribs palace and the place where Dalley believes they might find evidence of the garden. Archimedes Screw A fascinating part of this film discusses Dalleys theory about how Sennacherib got water into his elevated garden. No doubt, there are canals that would have brought water into Nineveh, and there was a lagoon as well. Scholars have thought he might ​have  used a shadoof, a wooden lever contraption that was used by ancient Egyptians to lift buckets of water out of the Nile and onto their fields. Shadoofs are slow and cumbersome, and Dalley suggests that some version of a water screw was used. The water screw is thought to have been invented by the Greek mathematician Archimedes, some 400 years later, but, as Dalley describes in this video, there is a strong possibility that it had been known for centuries before Archimedes described it. And might indeed have been used at Nineveh. Bottom Line The Secrets of the Dead The Lost Gardens of Babylon is a terrific example of the entertaining glimpses into the ancient past, covering controversial ideas where history and science collide, and a great addition to the Secrets of the Dead collection.   Video Details Secrets of the Dead: The Lost Gardens of Babylon. 2014. Featuring Stephanie Dalley (Oxford); Paul Collins (Ashmolean Museum); Jason Ur (Harvard). Narrated by Jay O. Sanders; writer and director by Nick Green; director of photography, Paul Jenkins, director of production Olwyn Silvester. Executive producer for Bedlam Productions, Simon Eagan. Executive in charge for WNET, Stephen Segaller. Executive producer for WNET, Steve Burns. Coordinating producer for WNET, Stephanie Carter. Bedlam Production for Channel 4 in association with ARTE, THIRTEEN Productions LLC for WNET and SBS Australia. Check local listings. Disclosure: A review copy (link to a screener) was provided by the publisher. For more information, please see our Ethics Policy.

The Marketing Process - 7575 Words

Basic Quantitative Analysis for Marketing Break-even Analysis Fixed Cost – costs that remain constant over a range of activity irrespective of the quantity produced †¢ ex: rent, insurance, depreciation, office overheads Variable Cost – costs that vary directly with the quantity produced †¢ ex: direct labor, direct materials, sales commissions Break-Even Point – the point of production at which Total Revenue = Total Cost Total Revenues = P X Q Total Cost = TFC + TVC Total Variable Cost (TVC) = VC/unit X Q Contribution Margin (CM) = P – VC/unit Total Contribution = (P – VC/unit) X Q BEP: BEQ = TFC/CM Break-Even Sales: BE$ = BEQ X P BEP w/ profit goal = TFC + Profit Goal/CM Bross Cord calculations Given: Price gives†¦show more content†¦There are five alternative concepts under which organizations design and carry out their marketing strategies (in chronological order): Production Concept – the idea that consumers will favor products that are available and highly affordable and that the organization should therefore focus on improving production and distribution efficiency †¢ Profit maximization through economies of scale †¢ Can sometimes lead to marketing myopia †¢ Philosophy during the Industrial revolution Product Concept – the idea that consumers will favor products that offer the most in quality, performance, and innovative features and that the organization should therefore devote its energy to making continuous product improvements †¢ Profit maximization through superior product performance †¢ Can also sometimes lead to marketing myopia Selling Concept – the idea that consumers will not buy enough of the firm’s products unless it undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort †¢ Profit maximization through the generation of demand for products (through sales volume) †¢ â€Å"Inside-out† perspective—â€Å"†¦any color he wants, so long as it’s black.† †¢ Typically practiced with unsought goods – goods that buyers do notShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Process Of Marketing1341 Words   |  6 Pages The marketing world where we live in is changing daily, but the main, basic function on marketing is remains the same. The simplest, most accurate and understandable explanation of the marketing process that someone ever gave states that Marketing is mainly about putting â€Å"The right product, in the right place, at the right time and at the right price† (Adcock et al., 2001). It cannot just be understood as another name for the selling or advertising processes, because it is helping businessesRead MoreMarketing Ethics Into The Marketing Process1471 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Marketing Ethical marketing refers to the application of marketing ethics into the marketing process. Ethical marketing is about making marketing decisions that are morally right. The ethics of the marketing decision can incorporate any part of marketing including sourcing of raw materials, staff employment and product advertising and pricing. Sound marketing ethics are usually those that result in consumer satisfaction, with no negative effect, with the goods and services being recognizedRead MoreMarketing Ethics Into The Marketing Process1471 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Marketing Ethical marketing refers to the application of marketing ethics into the marketing process. Ethical marketing is about making marketing decisions that are morally right. The ethics of the marketing decision can incorporate any part of marketing including sourcing of raw materials, staff employment and product advertising and pricing. Sound marketing ethics are usually those that result in consumer satisfaction, with no negative effect, with the goods and services being recognizedRead MoreDevelopment Of Marketing And The Marketing Process1900 Words   |  8 PagesDevelopment of Marketing and the Marketing Process Derek A Johnson Herzing University Dr. Mark Ellis October 4, 2015 â€Æ' The Development of Marketing and the Marketing Process Having a well-planned out strategy created by your marketing team is essential to your organization’s success. IT will help you to achieve that goals that you set for the organization and help in attaining the profitability that every business person wants to achieve. But before we get into how marketing came aboutRead MoreMarketing Process and Orientation1010 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing Process and Orientation: Since the beginning of mass production and the globalization of economic activity, marketing has continued to develop to an extent that it has gained a predominant role in the modern business environment. This is mainly because marketing helps the organization to establish a link with its customers since its geared towards satisfying the needs and wants of both parties through the exchange process. In addition to being human activity, marketing basically involvesRead MoreEssay on Marketing Process940 Words   |  4 Pages#1. The Marketing process is made up of simple concepts that involve lots of research on the part of the marketer. The process begins with understanding the consumer, without knowing what consumers need or want, it would be extremely hard for firms to both develop and sell a product. Knowing that consumers want more green products due to growing environmental concerns is a very important detail. Needs and wants are what fuel consumer purchases and marketers must p erform research in order to bestRead MoreConcepts And Process Of Marketing Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing is paraphrased from memory of an understanding business. The term marketing refers to describe the total of works included in the transfer of goods from the seller or the producer to the customer or buyer, consisting of shipping, advertising, selling storing. As the Kaffel ltd develops in the age of technology it is important for us to understand marketing q its place in the world. Understanding applying the principles will be profitable to the businessman the layperson. Task-1Read MoreOrganization Marketing Process1209 Words   |  5 PagesManagement | SUBJECT CODE amp; TITLE | : | MCG 202 / Marketing | ASSIGNMENT TITLE | : | Applying marketing concepts and theories for organizations | Summary of the Learning Outcomes covered: 1. Investigate the concept and process of marketing 2. Explore the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning 3. Identify and analyze the individual elements of the extended marketing mix 4. Apply the extended marketing mix to different marketing segments and contexts ASSIGNMENT TYPE | : | IndividualRead MoreOrganization Marketing Process1196 Words   |  5 Pages SUBJECT CODE amp; TITLE | : | MCG 202 / Marketing | ASSIGNMENT TITLE | : | Applying marketing concepts and theories for organizations | Summary of the Learning Outcomes covered: 1. Investigate the concept and process of marketing 2. Explore the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning 3. Identify and analyze the individual elements of the extended marketing mix 4. Apply the extended marketing mix to different marketing segments and contexts ASSIGNMENT TYPE |Read MoreThe Marketing Process Of Apple1482 Words   |  6 Pages Marketing Prinicple Apple As we are used to by now Apple is the panicle of Marketing and sales operation from casual dressed executives to the red or blue T shirted army of youngsters organised to sell, market and also solve any technical issues a customer may have in the I will try to put a light on how apple has become what it’s today through well planned and executed marketing strategy. Explain the various elements of the marketing process (A.C 1.1) Understanding customer needs

Freedom Of Press Free Essays

string(173) " what we mean by freedom of the press today was shaped in an extraordinary era of Supreme Court decision-making that began with Sullivan and concluded in 1991 witn Conen v\." Freedom of Press Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the freedom of communication and expression through mediums including various electronic media and published materials. While such freedom mostly implies the absence of interference from an overreaching state, its preservation may be sought through constitutional or other legal protections. With respect to governmental information, any government may distinguish which materials are public or protected from disclosure to the public based on classification of information as sensitive, classified or secret and being therwise protected from disclosure due to relevance of the information to protecting the national interest. We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom Of Press or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many governments are also subject to sunshine laws or freedom of information legislation which are both used to define the extent of national interest. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares: â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers† This philosophy is usually accompanied by legislation ensuring various degrees of freedom of scientific research (known s scientific freedom), publishing, press and printing the depth to which these laws are entrenched in a country’s legal system can go as far down as its constitution. The concept of freedom of speech is often covered by the same laws as freedom of the press, thereby giving equal treatment to spoken and published expression. Beyond legal definitions, several non-governmental organizations use other criteria to Judge the level of press freedom around the world. Some of those organizations include the following: Reporters Without Borders The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) Freedom House Many of the traditional means of delivering information are being slowly superseded by the increasing pace of modern technological advance. Almost every conventional mode of media and information dissemination has a modern counterpart that offers significant potential advantages to Journalists seeking to maintain and enhance their freedom of speech. A few simple examples of such Satellite television Web-based publishing (e. g. , blogging) Voice over Internet protocol (VOIP) Every year, Reporters Without Borders establishes a ranking of countries in terms of their freedom of the press. The Freedom of the Press index, an annual survey of edia independence in 197 countries and territories, is based on responses to surveys sent to Journalists that are members of partner organizations of the RWB, as well as related specialists such as researchers, Jurists and human rights activists. The survey asks questions about direct attacks on Journalists and the media as well as other indirect sources of pressure against the free press, such as non-governmental groups. The annual index contains the most comprehensive data set available on global media treedom and is a key resource tor scholars, policymakers, international institutions, media, and activists. The index assesses the degree of print, broadcast, and internet freedom in every country in the world, analyzing the events of each calendar year. It provides numerical rankings and rates each country’s media as â€Å"Free,† â€Å"Partly Free,† or â€Å"Not Free. Country narratives examine the legal environment for the media, political pressures that influence reporting, and economic factors that affect access to information As of 2013, the United States is ranked 32nd in the Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index. There was a fall from 20th in 2010 to 42nd in 2012, which was attributed to arrests of Journalists covering the Occupy movement. In 2011-2012, the countries where press was the most free were Finland, Norway and Germany, followed by Estonia, Netherlands, A ustria, Iceland, and Luxembourg. The country with the least degree of press freedom was Eritrea, followed by North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Iran, and China. Freedom of the press in the United States is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, says that â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦. abridging (limiting) the freedom of speech, or of the press † Freedom of speech is the liberty to speak openly without fear of government restraint. It is closely linked to freedom of the press because this freedom includes both the right to speak and the right to be heard. In the United States, both the freedom of speech and freedom of press are commonly called freedom of expression. This clause is generally understood as prohibiting the government from interfering with the printing and distribution of information or opinions, although freedom of the press, like freedom of speech, is subject to some restrictions, such as defamation law and copyright law. The Constitution’s framers provided the press with broad freedom. This freedom was considered necessary to the establishment of a strong, independent press sometimes called â€Å"the fourth branch† of the government. An independent press can provide citizens with a variety of information and opinions on matters of public importance. However, freedom of press sometimes collides with other rights, such as a defendant’s right to a fair trial or a citizen’s right to privacy. In recent years, there has been increasing concern about extremely aggressive journalism, including stories about people’s sexual lives and photographs of people when they were in a private setting. The framers’ conception of freedom of the press has been the subject of intense historical debate, both among scholars and in the pages of Judicial opinions. At the very least, those who drafted and ratified the Bill of Rights purported to embrace the notion, derived from William Blackstone, that a free press may not be licensed by the sovereign, or otherwise restrained in advance of publication. And, although the subject remains a lively topic of academic debate, the Supreme Court itself reviewed the historical record in 1964 in New York Times Co. . Sullivan and concluded that the central meaning of the First Amendment embraces s well a rejection of the law of seditious libel i. e. , the power of the sovereign to impose subsequent punishments, from imprisonment to criminal fines to civil damages, on those who criticize the state and its officials. To a great extent, however, what we mean by freedom of the press today was shaped in an extraordinary era of Supreme Court decisio n-making that began with Sullivan and concluded in 1991 witn Conen v. You read "Freedom Of Press" in category "Papers" Cowles Media Co. During that remarkable period, the Court ruled least 40 cases involving the press and fleshed out the skeleton of freedoms addressed only rarely in prior cases. In contrast, although the Court in the early part of the last century had considered the First Amendment claims of political dissidents with some frequency, it took nearly 150 years after the adoption of the Bill of Rights, and the First Amendment along with it, for the Court to issue its first decision based squarely on the freedom of the press. Over the course of the quarter-century following Sullivan, the Court made it its business to explore the ramifications of the case on a virtually annual basis. During that period, the Supreme Courts elaboration of what we mean by a free press focused on the nature of the official restraint lleged to compromise that freedom as well as the extent to which the First Amendment protects the press from a given species of governmental action or inaction. Thus, in cases such as Near and the Pentagon Papers case (1971 ‘s New York Times Co. . United States), the Court established that freedom of the press from previous restraints on publication is nearly absolute, encompassing the right to publish information that a president concluded would harm the national security, if not the movements of troopships at sea in time of war. In 1974’s Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, the Court embraced the analogous proposition that the overnment has virtually no power to compel the press to publish that which it would prefer to leave on the proverbial cutting room floor. In that regard, however, it must be noted that not all media are created equal when it comes to entitlement to the full protections of the First Amendments press clause. Most significantly, because of a perceived scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum, the Court has held that Congress and the Federal Communications Commission may regulate the activities of broadcasters operating over public airwaves in a manner that would surely violate the First Amendment if applied to newspapers. Compare Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC (1969) with Tornillo. ) The Courts reasoning in Red Lion, in which it upheld the Commissions Fairness Doctrine and personal attack rule i. e. , the right of a person criticized on a broadcast station to respond to such criticism over the same airwaves licensed to that station has never been disavowed, although the Justices have expressly declined to extend it to other, later-developed communications media, including cable television (1994’s Turner Broadcasting v. FCC) and the Internet (1997’s Reno v. ACLU), to which the scarcity rationale for regulation is plainly napplicable. Sullivan and cases that followed also hold that the First Amendment protects the publication of false information about matters of public concern in a variety of contexts, although with considerably less vigor than it does dissemination of the truth. Even so, public officials and public fgures may not recover civil damages for injury to their reputations unless they were the victims of a reckless disregard for truth in the dissemination of a calculated falsehood. Indeed, private persons may not collect civil damages for reputational harm caused by falsehoods relating to a matter f public concern unless the publishers conduct violates a fault-based standard of care. And although expressions of opinion are not always immune from legal sanction, in its 1990 decision in Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. the Court held that statements not capable of being proven false, or which reasonable people would not construe as statements of fact at all, but rather as mere rhetorical hyperbole, are absolutely protected by the First Amendment. Indeed e ou nas rejected arguments advanced by the institutional press that, because of its structural role in nsuring the free flow of information in a democratic society, it ought to enjoy unique protection s from otherwise generally applicable laws that inhibit its ability to gather and report the news. Thus, in 1991 in Cohen v. Cowles Media Co. , the Court effectively concluded the treatise on the freedom of the press it began in Sullivan; it did so when it emphasized that the press is properly subject to liability under the generally applicable law of contracts when it breaks a promise to keep a sources identity confidential, even when it does so in order to report truthful information about the ources involvement in a matter of public concern. In the decade following Cohen, the Court again fell largely silent when it came to the First Amendments application to the institutional press. As the 21st century dawned, however, the Court interrupted that silence, at least briefly, to revisit the extent to which a generally applicable law such as the federal wiretap statute can constitutionally impose criminal penalties and civil liability on the dissemination by the press of the contents of unlawfully recorded telephone conversations, at least when the information so disseminated is the truth about a matter of public concern. While it is undeniable fact that freedom of press is essential ingredient of democracy, it does not mean it will advance the goals of democracy. A free press plays a key role in sustaining and monitoring a healthy democracy, as well as in contributing to greater accountability, good government, and economic development. Most importantly, restrictions on media are often an early indicator that governments intend to assault other democratic institutions. According to the Freedom of the Press index, only 14. 5 percent of the world’s citizens live in countries that enjoy a free press. In the rest of the world, governments as well as non-state actors control the viewpoints that reach citizens and brutally repress independent voices who aim to promote accountability, good governance, and economic development. How to cite Freedom Of Press, Papers

What Are the Main Goals of Cognitive Neuropsychology Essay Example

What Are the Main Goals of Cognitive Neuropsychology? Essay What are the main goals of cognitive neuropsychology? This essay will be looking into the aims and uses of cognitive neuropsychology. Cognitive psychology first emerged in the 1970’s, Cognitive psychology can be defined as the branch of psychology that studies mental processes. These processes include functions such as how people think,speak, perceive, remember and learn. As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics. Neuropsychology is the branch of psychology which investigates the relationship between basic neurophysiological (the brain) processes and mental functions or behaviour such as language, memory, and perception. Neuropsychology stresses the dominant role of the nervous system. Neuropsychology was born in the 1980’s and exploded into the scene where a huge range of neuroimaging techniques were created from the 1980’s all the way through to the 2000’s. Therefore, cognitive neuropsychology is a combination of cognitive psychology and neuropsychology and can be defined as the branch of psychology that aims to understand the relationship between the structure and function of the brain and psychological processes such as thinking ect. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Main Goals of Cognitive Neuropsychology? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Main Goals of Cognitive Neuropsychology? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Main Goals of Cognitive Neuropsychology? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cognitive neuropsychology looks particularly into the effects brain damage or neurological illnesses have on cognitive functions with a aim to infer models of normal cognitive functioning. (So aim is to find out what normal brain functioning is or looks like). This essay will be looking into the main goals of cognitive psychology. But one can also learn about cognitive systems by studying ways in which they break down after brain damage: and this is the approach known as cognitive neuropsychology. So cognitive neuropsychology is a subfield of cognitive psychology, distinguished by the feature that it studies people with disorders of perception, attention, learning, memory, processing of spoken and written language, thinking, reasoning or belief formation, with the aim of learning more about the normal functional architectures of the cognitive processing systems used to carry out these activities cognitive neuropsychology aims to just study the mind and not the brain, base their work purely on what part of the brain is linked to what function and do not study brain mechanisms associated with cognitive processes The term cognitive neuropsychology often connotes a purely functional approach to patients with cognitive deficits that does not make use of, or encourage interest in, evidence and ideas about brain systems and processes. Scachter (1992, p. 56). One main goal o cognitive neuropsychology is lesion localisation.